For centuries, the Mediterranean has been, if not the first, at least the largest urban space. It was probably the world’s most urbanized area until the sixteenth century. The phrase “Mediterranean cities” suggests a multitude of images, representations, even preconceptions and stereotypes. Volumes have been written, from a variety of perspectives, on Mediterranean cities: travellers, merchants, historians, geographers, writers and, more recently, sociologists, anthropologists, economists, architects, urban planners, politicians… Films have been made where the Mediterranean city features prominently. In the academic context, several disciplines promote research and projects on Mediterranean urban space.